Intel 8080 Processor

关于 Intel 8080

Intel 8080 为 8008 的加强版中央处理器芯片，其运算速度达到 2 MHz，有直接内存地址、支持超过七层堆叠、并支持到 64KB 的内存的特点。

8080 被用于当时一种品牌为 Altair （牵牛星，这个名字来源于当时电视剧《星际奇航》的企业号太空船的最终目的地）的电脑上。这也是有史以来第一个知名的个人电脑。当时这种电脑的套件售价是 395 美元，短短数月的时间里面，销售业绩达到了数万部，创造了个人电脑销售历史的一个里程碑。比尔‧盖兹（Bill Gates）当初就是在杂志上看到使用 Intel 8080 作为中央处理器芯片的 Altair 8080 电脑才决定来帮这款电脑设计 BASIC 程序语言，当然后来的微软霸业也就是从这台电脑开始的。

Intel C8080A 为 Intel C8080 的改良版。P8080A 为 8008 的量产版。实际上，由于这款处理器的成功，很多厂商也投入生产这款处理器，包括日本、俄罗斯、匈牙利、罗马尼亚以及波兰都有生产这款微处理器。

关键数据：

• 6,000 个晶体管
• 6.0 µm NMOS 制造技术
• 8 位内部数据总线
• 8 位外部数据总线
• 16 位地址总线
• 支持高达 64 KB 的内存

Introduction

The Intel 8080 is an early 8-bit CPU, released in April 1974 running at 2 MHz, and is generally considered to be the first truly usable microprocessor CPU design. It is the successor to the Intel 8008, with which it was assembly language source-compatible because it used the same instruction set developed by Computer Terminal Corporation. The 8080’s 40 pin DIP packaging permitted it to provide a 16-bit address bus and an 8-bit data bus, allowing access to 64 kilobytes of memory. It has seven 8-bit registers (six of which could be combined into three 16-bit registers), a 16-bit stack pointer to memory (replacing the 8008’s internal stack), and a 16-bit program counter.

The 8080 had 256 I/O ports allowing I/O devices to be connected without the need to allocate memory space - as is required for memory mapped devices - but at the expense of having programmers deal with separate I/O instructions. The first single-board microcomputer was built on the basis of the 8080.

The 8080 was used in many early computers, such as the MITS Altair 8800 and IMSAI 8080, forming the basis for machines running the CP/M operating system (the later, fully compatible and more capable, Zilog Z80 processor would capitalize on this, with Z80 & CP/M becoming the dominant CPU & OS combination of the period much like x86 & MS-DOS for the PC a decade later). Shortly after the launch of the 8080, the Motorola 6800 competing design was introduced, and after that, the MOS Technology 6502 clone of the 6800.

At Intel, the 8080 was followed by the compatible and electrically more elegant 8085, and later by the assembly language compatible 16-bit 8086 and then the 8/16-bit 8088, which was selected by IBM for its new PC to be launched in 1981. The 8080, via its ISA, thus got a lasting impact on computer history.

The 8080 was very popular and was second-sourced by various manufacturers. Clones of the 8080 were also made in former Eastern Bloc countries like USSR, Poland, CSSR, Hungary and Romania.

Versions and speed:

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Intel MD8080A/B

温度范围 -55°C 至 +125°C
MIL-STD-883 B 类筛选

Intel P8080A